In down flow surface condenser, the steam enters from the t op as. Steam surface condenser design based on cost optimization using genetic algorithm. Pdf on apr 3, 2018, mohd parvez and others published steam condenser find, read and cite all the research you need on. Design and specification of aircooled steam condensers m.
A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. We can get the following conclusions according to the. Steam surface condensers applications graham corporation. Basic principles, performance monitoring, and maintenance 9780791801512 by putman, richard e. Hei issues 12th edition of standards for steam surface. Hei 2629 standards for steam surface condensers january 1, 2017 hei the 11th edition of the standards for steam surface condensers has incorporated several new revisions since the 10th edition, such as new sample calculations for oxyget content and tube side pressure drop, a new section 4.
Graham has provided steam surface condensers for main propulsion and turbine generator applications aboard naval and commercial vessels. Surface condenser an overview sciencedirect topics. Current state and trends in the design and operation of. Modernization and upgrades for condenser modernization. Whereas the previous edition was mainly focused on conducting a rigorous fullscale acceptance test, the current edition includes a less rigorous test that would also be. Face velocity of the air the face velocity of the air, can be. Poor condenser performance results in performance losses which reduce the profitability of your power plant. With an optimized tube pattern for improved performance, the amex design square condenser is ideal for smaller plants. A pump to circulate the cooling water in case of a surface condenser. The function of a surface condenser is to create the lowest possible turbine or process operating back pressure while condensing steam. The main advantages of incorporating a steam condenser in a steam power plant are as follows. Reichhelm hudson products corporation houston, texas even the nonspecialist purchaser of an aircooled steam condenser can apply these guidelines to ensure that the unit selected avoids common design deficiencies. Hei 26292012 e11 standards for steam surface condensers. Asme steam surface condenser free download pdf kupdf.
Early attempts to provide overall heat transfer coefficients for the design of steam condensers took no account of the detailed layout of the tubenest, e. Design and specification of aircooled steam condensers. Existing condensers can be refurbished, redesigned, and even upgraded to meet new performance demands and power requirements. Design considerations for steam surface condensers. Firstly, cooling water is passed through a series of tubes and steam passes over the tubes. Another important factor is the condensers operating reliability. Such efficiency basically is determined by the degree of vacuum you are able to reach in the condensing section. It condenses the latent heat of the turbine exhaust steam. A holistic process in for a power plant a device to convert dead steam into live water water ready to take rebirth dead steam layouts of a condenser layouts of a condenser an integral steam turbine and condenser system steam condenser steam condenser is a closed space into which steam exits the turbine and is forced to give up its latent. Modular changeouts are an efficient alternative to the conventional retube. Cooling water supplied to the condenser for the condensation of steam. Worldwide, most geothermal steam power plants use watercooled direct contact condensers. Cooling water running through the inside of the condenser tubes, at a lower temperature than that of the steam, produces condensation and creates a vacuum. Steam condensation analysis in a power plant condenser.
Therefore, the turbine efficiency is directly influenced by the performance of the steam surface condenser. Surface heat exchangers are the most often used elements of the steam. The computer aided design of steam surface condensers. Steam surface condenser standards search engineering360. A typical air conditioning surface condenser specification is included. Condenser refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger or surface condenser installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power stations of utility companies, generally.
Complete surface condenser retrofits are possible and can offer a multitude of benefits. The device steam condenser is a closed vessel into which the steam is exhausted, and condensed after doing work in an engine cylinder or turbine. The condensate generated is usually recirculated back into the boiler and reused. Pressure, viscosity, heat exchanger, heat transfer, heat. Steam surface condenser is an important component in a power plant. Rejects the latent heat at the lowest practical temperature. This extensive experience includes fossilfueled installations with pressures up to 3,500 psig and nuclear installations on virtually every type of reactor system built. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for steam.
Both of them share the target of optimizing the total electrical output by increasing the efficiency of the steam turbine. For a single row condenser src, the ratio of the airside surface area and the total face area is approximately 124. Request pdf design considerations for steam surface condensers according to the second law of thermodynamics, a heat engine is a device or a machine that produces work from heat in cycle process. This work is to develop a computeraided condenser design software, written in quick basica language. In a side exhaust condenser, the condenser and turbine are installed adjacent to each other, and the. Secondly, the steam is passed through a series of tubes and water is allowed to flow in the form of thin film outside the tubes. The temperature of the condensate determines the pressure in the steamcondensate side of the condenser. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Both of these operations are accomplished at the best efficiency consistent with the everpresent problem of economy. A properly designed vacuum surface condenser is of vital importance to obtain a. It is a device or an appliance in which steam condenses and heat released by steam is absorbed by water.
The heart of any steam surface condenser is the tube bundle. Surface condenser free download as powerpoint presentation. Outlet air temperature the outlet air temperature is obviously less than the steam temperature and can be calculated from the following equation. The surface condenser is a critical component in the operation of a steam power plant. Based on data taken during the condenser performance test, this program will calculate the expected steam test pressure and compare this value with the actual measured value to then indicate the tube fouling coefficient and the ineffective surface as a. One of the largest heat exchangers in such in stallations are. The spg dry cooling air cooled condenser features longterm mechanical and thermal integrity, excellent corrosion and freeze resistance, low fan power. Troubleshooting steam surface condensers progressive thermal engineering all rights reserved page 3 condenser temperature profile temperature, c.
The turbine manufacturer provides turbinegenerator performance data thermal kit at the very outset of plant design when the condenser is usually a black box and not much is known about its design. Condenser failures can result in forced outages and loss of generation capacity. Tei condensers represent an evolution of advanced technology, offering improved thermal efficiency and advanced mechanical design to reduce forced outages and increase availability. Where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled condenser is often used. Contact condenser an overview sciencedirect topics. The condenser performance test and thermal performance. Since there is no intermediate surface condenser like indirect dry cooling, the overall performance is better. A study of surface condenser practice 1909 by walter emerson billings, george albert herrmann, frank schall jones and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Surface condensers are basically a shell and tube heat exchanger consisting of water boxes for directing the flow of cooling water to and from horizontal tubes. In the worst case, the entire watersteam cycle could be damaged by corrosion effects triggered by condenser problems. New standards for steam surface condensers released.
In jet condensers cooling water and steam are mixed. The range of application varies from the design and fabrication of condensers used in the main propulsion systems of the largest of naval vessels to the supply of small condensers for use aboard commercial ships. Direct contact condensers eliminate concern for heat exchange surface cleanliness, fouling, and corrosion that can occur in geothermal service. This diploma thesis deals with design of surface condensers with axial steam inlet which are widely used in the energy industry. Standards for steam surface condensers, 11th edition hei. Basic principles, performance monitoring and maintenance hardback authored by richard e. In the practical part, hydraulic and heat calculation, dumptube design and calculation of bypass were made to design surface condenser with axial steam inlet. Download product flyer is to download pdf in new tab. Pdf a model for prediction of surface condenser performance in. Steam surface condensers can be broadly categorized by the orientation of the steam turbine exhaust to the condenser. The condensed steam is collected at the bottom of the condenser and returned to the boiler using feedwater pumps, to begin the watertosteam, steamtowater cycle again. Steam surface condensers spx heat transfer product.
Two pass water cooled steam condenser is commonly used in coal fired power plants and its thermal. Thermal performance assessment of steam surface condenser. Steam after the rotating steam turbine comes to the condenser. This arrangement is compact and the heat exchange is more efficient. Multipressure surface condenser performance evaluation. In pt02 the condenser cleanliness coefficient was dropped to 0. Troubleshooting steam surface condensers steam condenser. Pdf this investigation deals with the study of performance prediction of steam power plant condensers. Surface condensers or nonmixing type condensers in surface condensers, there is. Standards for steam surface condensers, 11th edition hei 118 includes amendment 1 standard by heat exchange institute, 2012.
The operating conditions of steam surface condenser are of the great influence on the power. This pressure is called the turbine backpressure and is usually a vacuum. Surface condensers for power plant applications are generally specified and designed following turbinecondenser optimization studies. The steam can be condensed in surface steam condenser in two ways. The essential objective in surface condenser design is to provide equal access of vapor to all the surface. These condensers are heat exchangers that convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase transition. The surface condenser has a great advantage over the jet condensers.
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